Dynamo-electric machine.



a B. sauna. DYHAHO ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLIOATIOH FILED 9'01. 51, 1906.

Patented June 15, 1909,

Tmuexxcw n/ m sai fi n; 4 T a 5 W6 .A Q 3; a H w CHRIS PETERS. |NC. LITHO. WASHINGTON. D C

Improvements UNITED STATES r TnNr oar-iron.

PORATION or NEW nsnsEr, ,A oonronarrou/oromo;

., irnoinnia f se'.'a25,39e.

Letters ir atent.' A Patented June 15,, 1909.-

- A plication eanest 31, 1906. Serial in. 341,373.

To all whom it may concern:

known that l, GEORGE BnSOHLEY, a oi the United States, residing at Norwood," in the county of Hamilton and State of Q no," have invented certain new. and useful in Dynamo v--Electric Maohmes', of-whicn the following a full, clear, and exact specification."

.My invention relates to dynamo-electric machines for multiple wire systems-of distri bution. A

In multiple wire'systems, such as the well knownthreewire systems, when single genera-tors have been used to supply the \H'rtole system; trouble has been experienced from s -arking at the commutator brushes due to t 1e uneven'division oftheloadbetween the difi'erent sets of mains, -A number of such multiple wire generatois'have been devised by various inventors, and 'my present invention, which is applicable to any of them, has fer-its main object the prevention of sparking at the brushes of su'ch machines. "This is accomplished by having auxiliaryffield windings either of the distributed*compensating type forpreventing distortion of the field due to armature react-ion, or of the concentrated eommutatingtype wound on auxiliary poles for assisting the act of commutation or both. These auxiliary windings are so connected was the multiplewire system as to produce the desired result. j My invention is here described. and illus trated-withpar-ticulaijreference to three wire systemsybutiit is equally applicable to her mriltiple; wire systems, v Broadly invention comprises a three wire dynamo provided with {field windings "for ureventing sparking at the brushes. ln another aspect my invention comprises a three Wirej dy'namo having main and auxiliary field, poles, thersum of the. strengths of said auxiliary -field poles being proportional to the totalwatts of the dynamo.

' In stillanother aspect my invention comprises a three, wire generator havingmain,

spare-an myt i yention; comprises a generatorsupplying I multiplewire system of ,distribution, said generator hav ng main and .commutating field poles, and a plurality of windings for said commutating field poles, each of which carries a current in proportion to the load between two adjacent mains otthe multiple wire system. 1

.Many other features of my inventionlwill appear from the description .and drawings and will bepointed out in the claims;

Figure 1 shows the application of my, invention to a double-commutator three wire dynamo. Fig. '2 shows diagrammatically a somewhat simpler arrangement of. circuits for such a double-commutator-t hree wire machine, Fi 3 shows my invention applied to a three wire dynamo in which the neutral fwircis connected to thearmature through a slip "Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically another arrangement of the circuits, the neutral wi're inthis case being connected to a middlecommutator brush and, Fig. 5 'shows a modification in which each commutating field pole has but a single winding.

lnthedrawings 10, 11, and 12 designate the three mains or conductors of, threewire systemof distribution, vBetweenadjacent mains, lamps 13 or other electro rece lztive devices may be connected.

n Fig. 1, the threewire system is supplied by the generator 14 having two commutators 15 and 16, which for convenience of illustration are shown one within the other, although generally in, practice one would be at each end .of the armature as 1 shown in. 2. The commutator 15 is connected between the mains 10 andll, while the commutator I6 is between the mains 11 and 12. The armature 1,7, to whichthese commutators are connected, may be of anydesired construction. The main field poles'19 and '20 are shown with a shunt winding 21, connected between the outside mains 10 and12 and adjustable by rheostat2 2fbut any other type of main field winding may be .used. lhis same shunt"maii n field winding 21 isused in all the'figures- "of the drawings. Besides'the main field pole there i' are auxiliary commutating field poles 23 and 24 which in the well known manner arejplacedover the coilsv of the armature inwhi'ch commutation is being effected. The commutating field .pole 23 has two identical assisting windings '25 and .26, the first; connected m series; between a loner: B..soHLE Y, or lvoR\\?ooD, .OH1o, ASSIGNQRTOALLIS-CHALMERS company, a connn Borneo-memorials MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

the commutator 15 and the outside main 10 and the second between the commutator 16 and the neutral wire 11. Similarly there are two identical assisting windings 2-7 and 28 for the other cominutating field pole 2- the winding 27 being in series between thecomcurrent sup )lied from the commutator 16 and deman ed by the load between the mains 11 and 12. Hence, the sum of the ampere turns in the whole winding of any commutating pole, say of pole 23, and therefore the magnetic strength of said pole,

varies with the total load on the generator 14, and remains constant for a constant total load thereon, regardless of-theeven or uneven division of said load between the two sides of thesystem. For if the load between the mains 11 and 12 is increased above that between the mains 10 and 11,

the ampere turns of the windings 26 and 28 are correspondingly increased above, those of-windings 25 and 27, respectively and. collectively, and the total-effect of the'tw'o sets of windings on each poieremains in proportion to the total output of the generator. Thus commutation is properly taken care of. The efl'ect of the connnutating poles on the armature cqilsundergoing 'commuta tion is so well-.knbwn as to require no explanation.

.If desired, instead of having the two windings 25 and 27 on opposite electrical sides .of

the commutator 15, they maybe combined one side thereof; simiand placed both on 26 and 28fand the larly with thewindings commutators 16. It is immaterial which' side this is. In Fig. 2 such an arrangement is shown, the two commutatmg windings 27 a and 26 being connected between the neutral wire 11 and the twocommutators 15 and 16 respectively of the armature 17. Equal parts of eachof these commutatingwindings should be placed on each commutating pole of the dynamo as indicated in Fig. 3.

In Fig. 3, a different ty e of three wire generator is illustrated is generator 31 has but one commutator 32, the brushes of which are connected to the outside mains 10 and 12 of the threewiresystem, The neutral main 1 1 is connected to a sh ring 33, the potential of tweenthe otentialsof the two brushes by any desired mode .of connecting the slip ring which is inaintaine midway beto the armature 34.; Modes of connecting the slip ring to the armature to obtain this T0511:- have hecndevised by'others and I therefore do notflclaim anys ecilic mode of making such connections. 11 series in the outside mains, between the brushes and the translating devices, are the commutatin; windings 25*" and 28 The connections of these windings corres 0nd to those of the windings 25 and 28 in ig. 1. Each of these identical conunutating windingsis, divided into a number of equal parts equal tothe number of commutatmg )oles, here shown as two, and one part of ear winding is placedon each commutating pole. The action of the commutating field windings and poles is precisely similar to that of those in Fig- 1, for

. it is only necessary that each winding on each commutating pole should carry a current proportional-to the load-between two adjacent mains of the system; r i y I In Fig. 4 is shown'fa. somewhat ditfel ent arrangement of circuits- ;Instead of placing the two or ual commutatiingwindings m the two "outsi e n1a1ns,.-one commutatmg wmd- 1ng-35 with twice the number of turns as be? fore is placed in one outside' main, say 10, and

a, second commutating winding 36 with half the number of turns of 35, is placed in the neutral wire. Equal fractionalparts of each of the windings 35 and 36 are placed on each The neutral wire is,

conmiutating pole. shown in this figure connected to a brush placed midway between the positive. and

negative brushes on the single commutator 37. The winding 36 is inactive when the load is evenly divided between the two sides of the system, and the e'flect of thewinding 35 is the same as though it were half ineach outside main. The winding 36 is so connected that when the load is heavier between thc mains 11 and 12 it assists the winding 35, and when the load is heavier between the mains 10 and 11 opposes it. The "number of turns of the winding 36 being half that of winding 35, it follows that the sumo'f i'the. ampere turns of the two windings is proportional to the total load on the generator,

and is constant for a constant load, rcgardless ofhow the load is divided. Thus this modification is'virtually the equivalent of those shown in theother figures and may in some instances be preferred to it.

In Fig. 5 there is shown a modification in which each commutating pole. has but one winding. The armature 3Shas but one commutator 39. upon which; bear the main brushes connected to the outside mains and "the intermediate brush connected to the new tral wire. There are a number of such three wire dynamos.v Inthe main 10 is the single winding 41 of the commutating pole 42 and the. main 12 is the single winding 43 of the commutating pole 44. These two windings are preferably identical. With this arrangetoo ment the pole42 has a strength proportional to the current between the mains 10 and 11, orthat commuted under the positive brush, while the pole 44 has a strength proportional to the current between the mains 11 and. 12, or that commuted under the negative brush.

With. some armature windings this arrange ment may be especially advantageous.

The different arrangements of connecting the commutatingwindings here shown with special types of three wire dynamos are not only adapted for thetype of machines with which they are shown but for otherv types as well. The arrangements of Figs. 1 and 2 are particularly adapted to double commutatorma chines. other figure are capable of use without change with any form ofthree wire dynamo. Although fol-simplicity,oirly bipolar machines have been described and illustrated my invention is equally adapted to multipolar dynamos.

The invention has been particularly described with reference to generators. Any ofv the machines shown, iowever, may be used as motor. When I use the term dynamo or dynamoeleotric machine in this description and in the claims, I intend it to be broad enough to cover both generators and motors. g

In using the term "to vary as many of its forms, I do not wish to limit myself to exact mathematical" proportion. When the latter is meant the term proportional or in proportion is used. My inventionis'eqnally applicable to other forms of antisparking winding than the par ticular co'mmutating winding which has been particularlyillustrated and described, such for instance as a distributed compensating winding for preventingdistortion of the he] d due to armature reaction.

In the claims the terms three wire dynamo or three wire generator are used to denote a dynamo or a generator which is adapted for use in connection with the three mains ota three wire system. 'Althougha three wire system has been especially described my invention is equally applicable to;

other multiple conductor systems. Many other modifications 1n the preclsearr angements here shown and described may be made withoutfideparting from the spirit and scope of the invention and in the following claims I aim {to cover 'my' invention broadly.

What I claim {as new is I 1-. 'A three wire dynamo having main and commutating field poles, and windings for commutating'poles, theisum of the strengths ofsaid commutating poles being constant for a given total load on the dynamo.

2; A three-wiredynamo having main and poles, and windings for varying with the total energy The arrangements shown in the 'mutating fie id. poles having a plurality oi system of distribution, said generator ici poles and windin s therefor, the windin.

commutatin field oles, each of said commutating poles having a plurality of windings, the strength of the commutating poles of the dyname. i

5. A dynamo connected to a three wire system of. distribution, said dynamo being provided with commutating field poise and windings for said poles, said windings being 8 divided into two parts respectively connected in different mains of the three wire system.

6. A dynamo connected to a three wire system ofdistribution, said dynamo having main and commutating field poles provided with windings,,portions of the windings ot the commute-ting poles being in each outside main of the three wire system.

'7. A three wire system of distribution su plied by a generator, said generator having main and ,commutating field poles, one of saidcommutating poles having a winding in one outside main of the three wire system, and another a winding in the other outside main thereof. I loo 8. A dynamo connected to a multiple wire system of distribution, said dynamo having main and commutating field poles. provided with windin s, the windings for said com- 305 parts respectively connectedin different mains of the multiple Wire system.

9. A dynamo connected to a multiple wire system of distribution, said dynamo having main and commutating field poles, and each of said commutating field poles having two windings-one in each outside main of the multiple wire system. g

10. A generator supplying a multiple wire system of distribution, said generator having main and commutating field poles, and 1?. ii rality of windings for said commutatin .resi poles, each of which windings carries a If-hr rent in proportion to the load between t adjacent mains of the multiple Wire syst llQA generator supplying a three ireprovided with main and cornmutating' i said comn'nitatingiield poles being di' into twoparts, each of which carries a c. rent in proportion to the loan on one side 0? the three wire system.

12. A three wire dynamo having main and the smii of the L auxiliary field poles, and windingson the .the'strengths of the latter proportional to the total watts of the dynamo.

13. A three wire dynamo provided with inain and auxiliary field poles, and windings Dnfsaid auxiliary field poles for making the latter individually have a strength in direct proportion to the total load on the dynamo.

' 14. A three-wire dynamo hvving main and auxiliary field poles, each of said field poles having a plurality of windings, the sum of the ampere turns of said windings being constant for a given total load while the ratio between the ampere turns of the different parts may vary.

15. A dynamo connected to a multiple wiresys'tem of distribution, said dynamo having main and auxiliary field. oles, winch ings thereon, the windings of tie auxiliary poles being divided into a plurality of parts which are connected in different mains of the system. i 16. A dynamo connected to a three wire system of distribution, said dynamo having main and auxiliary field poles, and the auxiliary field poles having windings of which part is in each outside main. g

17. A generator supplying a multiple wire system of distribution, said generator having main and auxiliary field poles provided with windings, the winding of each auxiliary pole being divided into a plurality ofparts, and the ampere turns of? each part being propor tional to the load between two adjacent.

mains of the multiple wire'system.

-18. A dynamo connected to a three wire system of distribution, said dynamo having main and auxiliary field poles, the auxiliary field poles ha ing windings the total ampere 4 turns of which vary in proportion to the sum of the currents in the two outside mains of the three wire system.

19. A three wire dynamo having main and anti-sparking field windings, the ampere turns of said anti-spz'trking windings being roportional to the total watts of the dynamo. a v

20, A three wire dynamo having main and anti-sparking field windings, the total amere turns of said anti-sparking field windmgs remaining constant for a given total load on the machine.

- 21. A three wire generator having main and antisparking field windings, said antisparking field windings being divided into two parts, the sum of the ampere turns of which remains constant for a constant output of the generator.

22. A three wire dynamo having a main field winding and two anti-sparking field system of distribution, said dynamo having a plurality of anti-sparking field windings, one of which is in each of the outside mains of the three wire system.

25. A generator supplying a three wire system of distribution, said generator having main and anti-sparking field windings, and said anti-sparking field windings being di vided into two parts, each of which carries a current in proportion to the load on one side of the system.

26. A generator supplying a three wire system of distribution, said generator havin main and anti-sparking field windings, an said anti-sparking field windings having two parts, each of which carries the current supplied to one side of the three wire system.

27. A generator supplying a multiple wire system of distribution, said generator having main field windings and anti-sparking field windings, and said anti-s arking windings being divided into a plura ity of parts, each of which parts has a number of ampere turns in proportion to the load between two adj a cent mains of the multiple wire systems.

28. A dynamo connected to a .three wire system of distribution, said dynaino having main and anti-sparking field windings, said anti-sparking windings being divided into a plurality of )arts, and the sum of'the am ere turns of said parts varying as the total oad on the three wire system while-the ratio between the ampere turns of the different parts vvaries as the ratio between the loads on the two sides of the systems.

29. A generator supplying a multiple wire system of distribution, said generator having main and antisparking field windings, saidanti-sparking field windings being divided into a plurality of parts, the ampere-turns of 

